{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:05:41Z","timestamp":1760123141588,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG031348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG031348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Develop a robust and user\u2010friendly software tool for the prediction of dopamine D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor occupancy (RO) in patients with schizophrenia treated with either olanzapine or risperidone, in order to facilitate clinician exploration of the impact of treatment strategies on RO using sparse plasma concentration measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previously developed population pharmacokinetic models for olanzapine and risperidone were combined with a pharmacodynamic model for D2 RO and implemented in the R programming language. Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation was used to provide predictions of plasma concentration and RO based on sparse concentration sampling. These predictions were then compared to observed plasma concentration and RO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average (standard deviation) response times of the tools, defined as the time required for the application to predict parameter values and display the output, were 2.8 (3.1) and 5.3 (4.3) seconds for olanzapine and risperidone, respectively. The mean error (95% confidence interval) and root mean squared error (95% confidence interval) of predicted <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. observed concentrations were 3.73\u2009ng\/mL (\u22122.42\u20139.87) and 10.816\u2009ng\/mL (6.71\u201314.93) for olanzapine, and 0.46\u2009ng\/mL (\u22124.56\u20135.47) and 6.68\u2009ng\/mL (3.57\u20139.78) for risperidone and its active metabolite (9\u2010OH risperidone). Mean error and root mean squared error of RO were \u22121.47% (\u22124.65\u20131.69) and 5.80% (3.89\u20137.72) for olanzapine and \u22120.91% (\u22127.68\u20135.85) and 8.87% (4.56\u201313.17) for risperidone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our monitoring software predicts concentration\u2013time profiles and the corresponding D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> RO from sparsely sampled concentration measurements in an accessible and accurate form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T07:10:34Z","timestamp":1643872234000},"page":"3341-3350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MAP Bayesian modelling combining striatal dopamine receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations to optimize antipsychotic dose regimens in individual patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5341-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Straubinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Graff\u2010Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group in Geriatrics \u2010 Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Division Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takefumi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine  Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Caravaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group in Geriatrics \u2010 Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gerretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group in Geriatrics \u2010 Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry &amp; 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