{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:18:55Z","timestamp":1764782335214,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely utilized to control perioperative bleeding. TXA is considered a safe drug with few serious adverse effects, but many studies report TXA\u2010associated seizures, especially with cardiac surgeries. Usually, TXA\u2010associated seizures persist for a few minutes with no progression into status epilepticus. Here, we report, for the first time, a case of refractory status epilepticus after IV injection of TXA in a paediatric non\u2010cardiac surgery. This case report and literature review aim to increase awareness about TXA\u2010associated seizures and to provide mechanistic\u2010based prevention and treatment recommendations. During adenotonsillectomy for a 4\u2010year\u2010old male child, TXA infusion started after induction of anaesthesia for surgical bleeding prophylaxis. During recovery from anaesthesia, the patient developed tonic\u2013clonic convulsions which did not improve after two IV doses of midazolam but showed an improvement after a dose of propofol. The patient did not regain consciousness and was transferred to the ICU. He had recurrent treatment\u2010resistant attacks of tonic\u2013clonic convulsions. The patient developed acute kidney injury and died after 18\u2009hours. In high\u2010risk patients, using the lowest effective dose with early termination of TXA infusion and prolongation of administration of anaesthetics may prevent seizures. General anaesthetics (propofol and halogenated inhaled anaesthetics) are considered the first line for prevention\/treatment of TXA\u2010associated seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:18:28Z","timestamp":1646399908000},"page":"4211-4216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tranexamic acid\u2010associated fatal status epilepticus in a paediatric non\u2010cardiac surgery: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Aboul\u2010Fotouh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Z.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sondos M.","family":"Magdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahaa El\u2010din Ewees","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11209070\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010814313\u20101.00011\u20103"},{"volume-title":"World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines: 21st list 2019","year":"2019","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004328.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cce.0000000000000075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245\u2010020\u201000304\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"NHSGGC.Tranexamic acid in paediatric surgery and trauma.Clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk.https:\/\/www.clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk\/nhsggc-guidelines\/nhsggc-guidelines\/emergency-medicine\/tranexamic-acid-in-paediatric-surgery-and-trauma\/. 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