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One reviewer extracted data with other reviewers verifying the extracted data for accuracy and completeness.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> After screening 22\u2009414 records, we included 24 and 21 RCTs in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. The most investigated drug classes were angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)\/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs) and anticoagulants, investigated by 10 and 11 studies respectively. In meta\u2010analyses, ACEI\/ARBs did not affect hospitalization length (mean difference \u22120.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22121.83; 0.98\u2009d, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091183), COVID\u201019 severity (risk ratio\/RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71; 1.15, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091661) or mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.58; 1.47, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091646). Therapeutic anticoagulation also had no effect (hospitalization length mean difference \u22120.29, 95% CI \u22121.13 to 0.56\u2009d, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091449; severity RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70; 1.04, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20092696; and, mortality RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77; 1.13, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20095689). Other investigated drug classes were antiplatelets (aspirin, 2 trials), antithrombotics (sulodexide, 1 trial), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, 1 trial) and lipid\u2010modifying drugs (atorvastatin, 1 trial).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Moderate\u2010 to high\u2010certainty RCT evidence suggests that cardiovascular drugs such as ACEIs\/ARBs are not associated with poor COVID\u201019 outcomes, and should therefore not be discontinued. These cardiovascular drugs should also not be initiated to treat or prevent COVID\u201019 unless they are needed for an underlying currently approved therapeutic indication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T22:28:41Z","timestamp":1648160921000},"page":"3577-3599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cardiovascular drugs and COVID\u201019 clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1196-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Innocent G.","family":"Asiimwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeep P.","family":"Pushpakom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7315-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruwanthi","family":"Kolamunnage\u2010Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Institute of Population Health Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Institute of Population Health Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7534-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munir","family":"Pirmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"issue":"91","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"The continuing 2019\u2010nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health \u2010 The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan","volume":"2020","author":"Hui DS","journal-title":"China Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.WHO Director\u2010General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019\u201011 March 2020. 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