{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:40:05Z","timestamp":1772160005596,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007682","name":"Medicinski Fakultet, Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Zagrebu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007682","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether exposure to proton\u2010pump inhibitors (PPIs) shortly preceding COVID\u201019 diagnosis affected the risk of subsequent hospitalizations and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This population\u2010based study embraced first COVID\u201019 episodes in adults diagnosed up to 15 August 2021 in Croatia. Patients were classified based on exposure to PPIs and burden of PPI\u2010requiring morbidities as\n                      <jats:italic>nonusers<\/jats:italic>\n                      (no issued prescriptions, no recorded treatment\u2010requiring conditions between 1 January 2019 and COVID\u201019 diagnosis),\n                      <jats:italic>possible users<\/jats:italic>\n                      (no issued prescriptions, but morbidities present; self\u2010medication possible) and\n                      <jats:italic>users<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u22651 prescription within 3\u00a0months prior to the COVID\u201019 diagnosis; morbidities present). Subsets were mutually exactly matched for pre\u2010COVID\u201019 characteristics. The contrast between\n                      <jats:italic>users<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>possible users<\/jats:italic>\n                      informed about the effect of PPIs that is separate of the effect of PPI\u2010requiring conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 433\u2009609 patients,\n                      <jats:italic>users<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>possible users<\/jats:italic>\n                      were matched 41\u2009195 (of 55\u2009098) to 17\u2009334 (of 18\u2009170) in the primary and 33\u2009272 to 16\u2009434 in the sensitivity analysis. There was no relevant difference between them regarding mortality (primary: relative risk [RR]\u2009=\u00a00.93 [95% confidence interval 0.85\u20131.02; absolute risk difference [RD]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.34% [\u22120.73, 0.03]; sensitivity: RR\u2009=\u00a00.88 [0.78\u20130.98]; RD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.45% [\u22120.80, \u22120.11]) or hospitalizations (primary: RR\u2009=\u00a01.04 [0.97\u20131.13]; RD\u2009=\u00a00.29% [\u22120.16, 0.73]; sensitivity: RR\u2009=\u00a01.05 [0.97\u20131.15]; RD\u2009=\u00a00.32% [\u22120.12, 0.75]). The risks of both were slightly higher in\n                      <jats:italic>possible users<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>users<\/jats:italic>\n                      than in\n                      <jats:italic>nonusers<\/jats:italic>\n                      (absolutely by ~0.4\u20131.6%) indicating the effect of PPI\u2010requiring morbidities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premorbid exposure to PPIs does not affect the risk of death or hospitalization in adult COVID\u201019 patients, but PPI\u2010requiring morbidities seemingly slightly increase the risk of both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T10:09:31Z","timestamp":1662977371000},"page":"787-831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["People exposed to proton\u2010pump inhibitors shortly preceding COVID\u201019 diagnosis are not at an increased risk of subsequent hospitalizations and mortality: A nationwide matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1359-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Kodvanj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Center Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Homolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Zagreb University School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Trkulja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Zagreb University School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Association of the European Self\u2010Care Industry.AESGP OTC ingredients directory.https:\/\/aesgp.eu\/databases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261\u2010020\u201000963\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261\u2010021\u201001007\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440\u2010021\u201000263\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2021.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010021\u201003255\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201019478\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102020\u2010322248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102020\u2010323672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pan.2019.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Medicinal products database. 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