{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T21:21:59Z","timestamp":1792876919121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRE in Medicines Intelligence (ID: 1196900)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRE in Medicines Intelligence (ID: 1196900)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Early Career Fellowship (ID: 1158763; ID: 1158035)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Early Career Fellowship (ID: 1158763; ID: 1158035)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1158035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1158035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1158763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1158763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1196900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We quantified concomitant medicine use and occurrence of potential drug\u2013drug interactions in people living with HIV in Australia who are treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study using dispensing claims of a 10% random sample of Australians, we identified 2230 people dispensed ART between January 2018 and December 2019 (mean age 49.0\u00a0years, standard deviation 12.0\u00a0years, 88% male). We examined concomitant medicine use by identifying nontopical medicines dispensed within 90\u2010days of any antiretroviral medicine dispensing during a 12\u2010month follow\u2010up period. For every antiretroviral and nonantiretroviral pair, we identified and classified possible drug\u2013drug interactions using the University of Liverpool HIV drug interactions database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1728 (78%) people were dispensed at least 1 and 633 (28%) 5 or more unique medicines in addition to ART in a 12\u2010month period; systemic anti\u2010infectives and medicines acting on the nervous system were the most common (68% and 56%, respectively). Among comedicated people, 1637 (95%) had at least 1 medicine combination classified as weak interactions, 558 (32%) interactions requiring close monitoring\/dose adjustment and 94 (5%) that should not be coadministered. Contraindication or interactions requiring close monitoring\/dose adjustment were more common among people receiving protease inhibitors (50\u201373% across different antiretrovirals), non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (35\u201364%), people using single\u2010tablet combinations containing elvitegravir (30\u201346%) and those using tenofovir disoproxil (26\u201330%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concomitant medicine use is widespread among people living with HIV in Australia. Despite a relatively low prevalence of contraindicated medicines, almost a third received medicines that require close monitoring or dose adjustment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T18:32:23Z","timestamp":1669487543000},"page":"1541-1553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Potential drug\u2013drug interactions due to concomitant medicine use among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"de Oliveira Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines Intelligence Research Program, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Data Science, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Medland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-4997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines Intelligence Research Program School of Population Health \u2013 Faculty of Medicine and Health\/UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7137-6855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sallie\u2010Anne","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines Intelligence Research Program, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Guideline on When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy and on Pre\u2010Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Annual Surveillance Report on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STIs in Australia 2017","author":"The Kirby Institute","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)30418\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on The Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825a3668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1528433614Z.0000000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010013\u20102449\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028013504075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010015\u20100465\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835584ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010015\u20101616\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"University of Liverpool. 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