{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:49:39Z","timestamp":1788392979940,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016966","name":"Bethune Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCF\u2010RF\u2010WSQZTZJ\u2010202011\u2010015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCF\u2010RF\u2010WSQZTZJ\u2010202011\u2010015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advanced age is an important risk factor for adverse events during procedural sedation. Remimazolam is safe and effective in gastroscopic sedation. However, the ideal dose and application for older patients are not well known. We aim to investigate its 95% effective dose (ED95) for older patients undergoing gastroscopy and to assess its safety and efficacy, with propofol as the comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trial consists of 2 parts, patients aged &gt;65\u2009years and scheduled for outpatient painless gastroscopy were enrolled. In the first part, Dixon's up\u2010and\u2010down methodology was used to determine the ED95 of remimazolam besylate and propofol for gastroscopic insertion, in combination with 0.2\u2009\u03bcg\/kg remifentanil. In the second part, patients in each group received 0.2\u2009\u03bcg\/kg remifentanil and ED95 dose of the study drugs for sedation induction, supplemental doses were added to maintain sedation depth when necessary. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. The secondary outcome was the recovery time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ED95 of remimazolam besylate and propofol induction were 0.2039 (95% confidence interval 0.1753\u20130.3896) mg\/kg and 1.9733 (95% confidence interval 1.7346\u20133.7021) mg\/kg respectively. Adverse events were reported in 26 (40.6%) patients in the remimazolam group and 54 (83.1%) in the propofol group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.0001), whereas the remimazolam group presented a higher incidence of hiccups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.0169). Besides, the median time to awakening was approximately 1\u2009min shorter with remimazolam than with propofol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For older patients undergoing gastroscopy, the ED95 dose of remimazolam is a safer alternative than propofol when inducing the same sedation depth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T08:36:10Z","timestamp":1688114170000},"page":"3401-3410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Comparison of 95% effective dose of remimazolam besylate and propofol for gastroscopy sedation on older patients: A single\u2010centre randomized controlled 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