{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:54:22Z","timestamp":1787921662677,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain can create physical and psychosocial discomfort. Pain management of patients with opioid misuse history can be challenging, in part due to their tolerance to opioids. Clonidine is an alpha\u20102 agonist that has been used for the reduction of anxiety and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral clonidine on pain outcomes in patients with a history of opioid use disorder presenting with orthopaedic fractures in the emergency room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this blinded clinical trial in the emergency department, 70 opioid\u2010dependent patients with orthopaedic fractures were divided into a control group of 35 and an intervention group of 35 subjects. Initially, 0.2\u2009mg of oral clonidine was given to the intervention group and the control group received placebo tablets. Pain levels were recorded based on the Numerical Rating Scale rating before intervention, at 30\u2009min, 1\u00a0h after intervention and at disposition from the emergency room (3\u20106\u00a0h after intervention). The total morphine requirement was also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pain score of the clonidine group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1\u00a0h and at disposition time. The amount of morphine required was significantly reduced in the clonidine group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Oral clonidine had no significant effect on pulse rate. Oral clonidine was more effective for pain reduction in lower limb injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral clonidine significantly reduced pain and the need for morphine in opioid\u2010dependent patients with orthopaedic fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T05:09:11Z","timestamp":1698815351000},"page":"3003-3009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of oral clonidine on pain reduction in patients with opioid use disorder in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rostamipoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3995-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoomeh","family":"Nazemi\u2010Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Mirafzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Ilka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masumeh","family":"Hosseininasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000471243.30951.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)32229\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787\u2010022\u201001065\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007649804201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e328363c9e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/0003\u20103006(2006)53[34:OCPPTV]2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Oral premedication with clonidine as an alternative in dental practice. 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