{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:43:02Z","timestamp":1789681382205,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the clinical decision\u2010making for benzodiazepine deprescribing between a healthcare provider (HCP) and an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot GPT4 (ChatGPT\u20104).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed real\u2010world data from a Croatian cohort of community\u2010dwelling benzodiazepine patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009154) within the EuroAgeism H2020 ESR 7 project. HCPs evaluated the data using pre\u2010established deprescribing criteria to assess benzodiazepine discontinuation potential. The research team devised and tested AI prompts to ensure consistency with HCP judgements. An independent researcher employed ChatGPT\u20104 with predetermined prompts to simulate clinical decisions for each patient case. Data derived from human\u2010HCP and ChatGPT\u20104 decisions were compared for agreement rates and Cohen's kappa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both HPC and ChatGPT identified patients for benzodiazepine deprescribing (96.1% and 89.6%, respectively), showing an agreement rate of 95% (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.200, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.012). Agreement on four deprescribing criteria ranged from 74.7% to 91.3% (lack of indication <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.352, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; prolonged use <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.088, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.280; safety concerns <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.123, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006; incorrect dosage <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.264, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). Important limitations of GPT\u20104 responses were identified, including 22.1% ambiguous outputs, generic answers and inaccuracies, posing inappropriate decision\u2010making risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While AI\u2010HCP agreement is substantial, sole AI reliance poses a risk for unsuitable clinical decision\u2010making. This study's findings reveal both strengths and areas for enhancement of ChatGPT\u20104 in the deprescribing recommendations within a real\u2010world sample. Our study underscores the need for additional research on chatbot functionality in patient therapy decision\u2010making, further fostering the advancement of AI for optimal performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T02:24:00Z","timestamp":1699669440000},"page":"662-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical decision\u2010making in benzodiazepine deprescribing by healthcare providers <i>vs<\/i>. AI\u2010assisted approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Iva","family":"Bu\u017ean\u010di\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"City Pharmacy Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Belec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margita","family":"Dr\u017eai\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"City Pharmacy Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Brki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Belgrade  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fialov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine in Prague Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1578-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Ortner Had\u017eiabdi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.645232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt\u20102020\u20100056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riad001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2023.100258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jppr.1626"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"STOPP\/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 3","volume":"31","author":"O'Mahony D","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Primary Health Tasmania.A guide to benzodiazepines recommended deprescribing strategy.2019.https:\/\/www.primaryhealthtas.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/A-guide-to-deprescribing-benzodiazepines.pdf. 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