{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:16:47Z","timestamp":1781932607864,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compare by occurrence era and age group how opioid\u2010related deaths (ORDs) and their counterpart evolved in Scotland <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. England and Wales during 2006\u20132020. For Scotland, compare coimplication rates between ORDs and non\u2010ORDs for any benzodiazepine, cocaine or gabapentin\/pregabalin, and consider whether coimplication in ORDs depended on opioid\u2010specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010tabulations of drug misuse deaths (DMDs) obtained by 3 yearly occurrence era (2006\u20132008 to 2018\u20132020) and age group (under 25, 25\u201334, 35\u201344, 45\u201354, 55+\u2009years) for England and Wales and subdivided by whether at least 1 opiate was mentioned on death certificate (DMD\u2010Os or not); and of Scotland's opioid\u2010related deaths (ORDs <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. non\u2010ORDs) together with (i) coimplication by any benzodiazepine, cocaine or gabapentin\/pregabalin; and (ii) opioid\u2010specificity of ORDs. ORD is defined by heroin\/morphine, methadone or buprenorphine being implicated in DMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Per era between 2012\u20132014 and 2018\u20132020, Scotland's ORDs increased by 54% and non\u2010ORDs by 34%. Increase in DMD\u2010Os in England and Wales was more modest. Cocaine was implicated in 83% of Scotland's 2690 non\u2010ORDs during 2006\u20132020; and any benzodiazepine in 53% of 8409 ORDs. However, in 2018\u20132020, coimplication rates in 2926 ORDs (880 non\u2010ORDs) were 81% (33%) for any benzodiazepine, 30% (74%) for cocaine and 38% (22%) for gabapentin\/pregabalin. Coimplication rate in 2018\u20132020 for any benzodiazepine was lowest at 70% (616\/877) for heroin\/morphine ORDs; and, by age group, at 66% (160\/241) for ORDs aged 55+\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug testing to inform users, shared intelligence between police and public health for earlier detection of changes in supply and monitoring of prescribed daily\u2010dose of methadone are urgent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T23:22:29Z","timestamp":1701127349000},"page":"996-1015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Opioid\u2010related deaths and their counterpart by occurrence era, age group and coimplicated drugs: Scotland <i>vs<\/i>. England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila Macdonald","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Reducing drug related deaths","author":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government.National mission on drug deaths: plan 2022\u20132026 (chapter 3\u2014the challenge we face). Edinburgh: Scottish Government August2022. 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