{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:08:36Z","timestamp":1789873716202,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Secondary Data Analysis Projects SDAP\u20102021\u2010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Secondary Data Analysis Projects SDAP\u20102021\u2010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored trends in gabapentinoid prescribing, drug seizures and postmortem toxicology using a national pharmacy claims database, law enforcement drug seizures data and a population\u2010based postmortem toxicology database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gabapentinoid prescribing rates per 100 000 eligible population (2010\u20132020), annual number of drug seizures involving gabapentinoids (2012\u20132020) and gabapentinoid detection (positive) rates per 100 postmortem toxicology case (2013\u20132020) were calculated. Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate longitudinal trends for gabapentin and pregabalin separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gabapentin (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05\u20131.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and pregabalin (adjusted RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) prescribing increased annually, with higher rates of pregabalin (vs. gabapentin) observed every year. Drug seizures involving pregabalin also increased over time (RR 1.54 95% CI 1.25\u20131.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001). Of the 26 317 postmortem toxicology cases, 0.92% tested positive for gabapentin, and 6.37% for pregabalin. Detection rates increased for both gabapentin (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and pregabalin (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) between 2013 and 2020. A total of 1901 cases (7.2%) tested positive for heroin\/methadone; this sub\u2010group had a higher detection rate for pregabalin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 528, 27.8%) and gabapentin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41, 2.2%) over the study period, with a high burden of codetections for pregabalin with benzodiazepines (peaking at 37.3% in 2018), and pregabalin with prescription opioids (peaking at 28.9% in 2020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study raises concerns regarding the wide availability of pregabalin in Ireland, including a growing illicit supply, and the potential for serious harm arising from poly drug use involving pregabalin among people who use heroin or methadone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T04:06:40Z","timestamp":1702267600000},"page":"987-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gabapentinoids in Ireland 2010 to 2020: An observational study of trends in gabapentinoid prescribing, law enforcement drug seizures and postmortem toxicology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Durand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"O'Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Toxicology, The State Laboratory  Kildare Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Cronly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Toxicology, The State Laboratory  Kildare Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Centre, School of Population Health Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Analysis Discipline, Forensic Science Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eamon","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Social Inclusion Office Health Service Executive  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2985-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010016\u20102092\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.7856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010016\u20100359\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296\u2010011\u20102263\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(13)70193\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20101136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010020\u201001432\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010017\u20100700\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Abuse of pregabalin\u2010results of the postmortem toxicology from 2010 to 2012","volume":"80","author":"Lottner\u2010Nau S, \u00d6vg\u00fcer B, Paul LD, Graw M, Sachs H, Roider G.","journal-title":"Toxichem Krimtech."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010069665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010017\u20102310\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpopen19X101662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261\u2010017\u20100616\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010017\u20100467\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.08.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.639780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103512"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.15984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T09:18:07Z","timestamp":1711617487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcp.15984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcp.15984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.15984","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]}}}