{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:24:34Z","timestamp":1791919474217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013459","name":"Arthritis New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001530","name":"Canterbury Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023240","name":"New Zealand Pharmacy Education and Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dose escalation at the initiation of allopurinol therapy can be protracted and resource intensive. Tools to predict the allopurinol doses required to achieve target serum urate concentrations would facilitate the implementation of more efficient dose\u2010escalation strategies. The aim of this research was to develop and externally evaluate allopurinol dosing tools, one for use when the pre\u2010urate\u2010lowering therapy serum urate is known (Easy\u2010Allo1) and one for when it is not known (Easy\u2010Allo2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A revised population pharmacokinetic\u2010pharmacodynamic model was developed using data from 653 people with gout. Maintenance doses to achieve the serum urate target of &lt;0.36\u2009mmol\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in &gt;80% of individuals were simulated and evaluated against external data. The predicted and observed allopurinol doses were compared using the mean prediction error (MPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The proportion of Easy\u2010Allo predicted doses within 100\u2009mg of the observed was quantified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Allopurinol doses were predicted by total body weight, baseline urate, ethnicity and creatinine clearance. Easy\u2010Allo1 produced unbiased and suitably precise dose predictions (MPE 2\u00a0mg\u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      95% confidence interval [CI] \u221213\u201017, RMSE 91%, 90% within 100\u2009mg of the observed dose). Easy\u2010Allo2 was positively biased by about 70\u2009mg\u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and slightly less precise (MPE 70\u2009mg\u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      95% CI 52\u201088, RMSE 131%, 71% within 100\u2009mg of the observed dose).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Easy\u2010Allo tools provide a guide to the allopurinol maintenance dose requirement to achieve the serum urate target of &lt;0.36\u2009mmol\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and will aid in the development of novel dose\u2010escalation strategies for allopurinol therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T19:15:10Z","timestamp":1708024510000},"page":"1268-1279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The development and evaluation of dose\u2010prediction tools for allopurinol therapy (Easy\u2010Allo tools)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel F. B.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"Sydney Pharmacy School University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailemichael Z.","family":"Hishe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy Mekelle University  Mekelle Tigray Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie L.","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Pharmacy School University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney  Darlinghurst Australia"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney  Sydney 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