{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T02:14:38Z","timestamp":1768270478663,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monitoring drug safety in real\u2010world settings is the primary aim of pharmacovigilance. Frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually identified during drug development. Rare ones are mostly characterized through post\u2010marketing scrutiny, increasingly with the use of data mining and disproportionality approaches, which lead to new drug safety signals. Nonetheless, waves of excessive numbers of reports, often stirred up by social media, may overwhelm and distort this process, as observed recently with levothyroxine or COVID\u201019 vaccines. As human resources become rarer in the field of pharmacovigilance, we aimed to evaluate the performance of an unsupervised co\u2010clustering method to help the monitoring of drug safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A dynamic latent block model (dLBM), based on a time\u2010dependent co\u2010clustering generative method, was used to summarize all regional ADR reports (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945\u00a0269) issued between 1 January 2012 and 28 February 2022. After analysis of their intra and extra interrelationships, all reports were grouped into different cluster types (time, drug, ADR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our model clustered all reports in 10 time, 10 ADR and 9 drug collections. Based on such clustering, three prominent societal problems were detected, subsequent to public health concerns about drug safety, including a prominent media hype about the perceived safety of COVID\u201019 vaccines. The dLBM also highlighted some specific drug\u2013ADR relationships, such as the association between antiplatelets, anticoagulants and bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010clustering and dLBM appear as promising tools to explore large pharmacovigilance databases. They allow, \u2018unsupervisedly\u2019, the detection, exploration and strengthening of safety signals, facilitating the analysis of massive upsurges of reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T06:34:32Z","timestamp":1707460472000},"page":"1258-1267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An artificial intelligence algorithm for co\u2010clustering to help in pharmacovigilance before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-9201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Destere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur Medical Centre  Nice France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, Laboratoire J.A. 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