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It is therefore imperative for hormone therapy, PrEP and antiretroviral therapy providers to understand the DDI potential between these therapies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Studies of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)\/emtricitabine (FTC) PrEP with feminizing hormone therapies (FHTs) show reduced plasma tenofovir concentrations, but intracellular concentrations of tenofovir\u2010diphosphate are not reduced. Efficacy of PrEP is expected to be maintained despite this interaction. Masculinizing hormone therapies have no effect on tenofovir concentrations but may increase FTC to a nonclinically relevant extent. No interactions between FHT and cabotegravir or tenofovir alafenamide have been demonstrated. Administration of TDF\/FTC PrEP has no effect on hormone levels in transmen or transwomen. PrEP is expected to be effective and safe in transpersons and should be provided to high\u2010risk individuals regardless of gender affirming hormone use.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Enzyme inducing\/inhibiting antiretroviral therapy may decrease or increase, respectively, the concentrations of FHT and masculinizing hormone therapy. Unboosted integrase inhibitors or enzyme neutral non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are not expected to affect and are not affected by gender affirming hormones and can be considered in transmen and transwomen. Overlapping toxicities including weight gain, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and bone density effects should be considered, and antiretroviral modifications can be made to minimize toxicities. Interactions between supportive care medications should be assessed to avoid chelation interactions and hyperkalaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T01:45:04Z","timestamp":1718243104000},"page":"2366-2382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Drug\u2013drug interactions between gender\u2010affirming hormone therapy and antiretrovirals for treatment\/prevention of HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6275-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa","family":"Senneker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kingston Health Sciences Centre  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(12)70315\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1146401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160\u2010013\u20109565\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2017.0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1659912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461\u2010021\u201003159\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461\u2010022\u201003944\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"BournesA.4th edition: Sherbourne's Guidelines for gender\u2010affirming primary care with trans and non\u2010binary patients:Ranbow Health Ontario\u2014Sherbourne Health2023[updated 2023 November cited 2024 January 31]. 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