{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:23:59Z","timestamp":1761017039575},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Target site drug determinations are crucial for optimizing treatment of infectious diseases. There is limited knowledge of antibiotic drug penetration into the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>) and a lack of easily performed methods for continuous drug sampling hereof. The aim of this study was to develop a readily accessible microdialysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>) method for antibiotic drug quantification in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>of pigs. The fluoroquinolone danofloxacin was administered to anaesthetized pigs allocated to three groups: intravenous injection, intravenous infusion and intramuscular injection.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>probes were guided through a tracheostomy into the distal bronchioles using an insertion tube. Intravenously administered inulin served as a marker of extracellular fluid contamination of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>. Concentrations of free drug in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>fractions were compared to total and non\u2010protein\u2010bound drug concentrations in plasma. Rising and declining danofloxacin plasma concentrations were rapidly reflected in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting an efficient drug transport across the blood bronchial barrier. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>FREE DRUG PELF<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>FREE DRUG PLASMA<\/jats:sub>ratio was 1.8 (S.D. 0.4, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>1.4\u20132.3). Although the probes were placed without fiberscopic or other special equipment, the danofloxacin concentrations in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>were consistent within the different administration groups. The described<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>method for drug quantification in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PELF<\/jats:styled-content>is easily accessible and provides repeatable results. However, trace amount of inulin was detected in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>fractions, suggesting a local tissue reaction induced by the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>membrane. The significance of this finding needs to be clarified in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:32:42Z","timestamp":1381541562000},"page":"226-232","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Microdialysis as a Tool for Drug Quantification in the Bronchioles of Anaesthetized Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Lisa A. 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