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These platelet actions trigger autocrine and paracrine activation processes that lead to leucocyte recruitment into different tissues and phenotypic changes in stromal cells which contribute to the development of different disease states, such as atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, intestinal inflammation and cancer. The signals induced by platelets may cause pro\u2010inflammatory and malignant phenotypes in other cells through the persistent induction of aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20102 and increased generation of prostanoids, mainly prostaglandin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PG<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In addition to cardiovascular disease, enhanced platelet activation has been detected in inflammatory disease and intestinal tumourigenesis. Moreover, the results of clinical studies have shown that the antiplatelet drug aspirin reduces the incidence of vascular events and colorectal cancer. All these pieces of evidence support the notion that colorectal cancer and atherothrombosis may share a common mechanism of disease, that is, platelet activation in response to epithelial (in tumourigenesis) and endothelial (in tumourigenesis and atherothrombosis) injury. Extensive translational medicine research is necessary to obtain a definitive mechanistic demonstration of the platelet\u2010mediated hypothesis of colon tumourigenesis. The results of these studies will be fundamental to support the clinical decision to recommend the use of low\u2010dose aspirin, and possibly other antiplatelet agents, in primary prevention, that is, even for individuals at low cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:43:50Z","timestamp":1381545830000},"page":"118-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Role of Platelets in Inflammation and Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Melania","family":"Dovizio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d University Chieti 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