{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:09:37Z","timestamp":1762898977060},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,8]],"date-time":"2014-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lidocaine has been reported to induce apoptosis on rabbit corneal endothelial cells. However, the apoptotic effect and exact mechanism involved in cytotoxicity of lidocaine are not well\u2010established in human corneal endothelial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCE<\/jats:styled-content>) cells. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis\u2010inducing effect of lidocaine on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCE<\/jats:styled-content> cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCE<\/jats:styled-content> cells were treated with lidocaine at concentrations of 0.15625\u201310.0\u00a0g\/l, the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells were observed by inverted light microscope and transmission electron microscope (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEM<\/jats:styled-content>). Cell viability was measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content> assay, and the apoptotic ratio was evaluated with flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopic counting after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FITC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013Annexin V\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AO<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EB<\/jats:styled-content> staining. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> fragmentation was detected by electrophoresis, and the activation of caspases was evaluated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 staining.\u00a0Results suggest that lidocaine above 1.25\u00a0g\/l reduced cellular viability and triggered apoptosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCE<\/jats:styled-content> cells in a time\u2010 and dose\u2010dependent manner. Diminishment of \u0394\u03a8m and the activation of caspases indicate that lidocaine\u2010induced apoptosis was caspase dependent and may be related to mitochondrial pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]],"date-time":"2013-12-21T12:58:43Z","timestamp":1387630723000},"page":"352-359","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cytotoxicity of Lidocaine to Human Corneal Endothelial Cells <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Hao\u2010Ze","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 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