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Swiss albino mice were kindled by a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content>, 30\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p., every other day for 6\u00a0weeks). The mice were pre\u2010treated (30\u00a0min.) either with a low dose of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content>(5\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) or with vehicle, and the seizures were scored. The acute treatment with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content>(15\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) on the last day blocked seizure in the vehicle\u2010treated group, but the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content>pre\u2010treated group showed resistance. This resistance was extended to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBZ<\/jats:styled-content>, but not to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>. The resistant model was successfully replicated in mice with less kindling development time (6\u00a0weeks<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>9\u00a0weeks 5\u00a0days in rats). A highly significant decrease in the level of histamine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) was found, and there were also decreases in serotonin,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>and AChE levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). A significantly low level of histamine correlates with drug resistance and indicates involvement of the H1\/H3 receptors. It is suggested that the selective action on voltage\u2010gated Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels could explain the differences in the sensitivity of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBZ<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T21:38:41Z","timestamp":1397857121000},"page":"373-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Characterization of a Lamotrigine\u2010Resistant Kindled Model of Epilepsy in Mice: Evaluation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ekta","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna K.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ManMohan","family":"Mehndiratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2003.32803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.6.3.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812812025_0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"WhiteHS.Animal models of drug resistant epilepsy redux. 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