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Educational and organizational interventions focused on improving the knowledge of clinical pharmacology among hospital healthcare workers and reducing the incidence of errors throughout the process were planned. After a pre\u2010interventional period of risk assessment, different list forms of the types of error occurring in the various phases of the process (Phase 1, request for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content> and blood sampling for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content>; Phase 2, sample delivery to and check in at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPU<\/jats:styled-content>; Phase 3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content> execution and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content> production) were created. In the interventional period, the errors were collected daily and educational programmes were carried out. The pre\u2010intervention error rate was 19.5%, and resulted significantly higher for the requests coming from the medical wards compared with those from the surgical wards or the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>s (26.0% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 10.5% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 13.7%, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). The educational programme trained 303 nurses and 145 physicians. Afterwards, the error percentage progressively dropped (15.5% in the 2nd trimester; 12.3% in the 3rd one; 10.5% in the 4th one). The adopted strategy resulted in significant improvements which may be useful both to improve quality of patient care and to reduce waste in healthcare costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]],"date-time":"2014-04-07T06:41:03Z","timestamp":1396852863000},"page":"432-437","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Educational and Organizational Interventions to Improve the Usefulness of Clinical Pharmacological Advice for Personalized Drug Dosing Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Pea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia Udine Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences University of Udine Udine 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