{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:32:04Z","timestamp":1790620324825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Geraniol is a monoterpene present in several essential oils, and it is known to have a plethora of pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the contractile and electrophysiological properties of geraniol and its antiarrhythmic effects in the heart. The geraniol effects on atrial contractility, L\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>currents, action potential (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>) parameters,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>profile and on the arrhythmia induced by ouabain were evaluated. In the atrium, geraniol reduced the contractile force (~98%,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01,510\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0160\u00a0\u03bcM) and diminished the positive inotropism of CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAY<\/jats:styled-content>K8644. In cardiomyocytes, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>a,L<\/jats:sub>was reduced by 50.7% (n\u00a0=\u00a05) after perfusion with 300\u00a0\u03bcM geraniol. Moreover, geraniol prolonged the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>duration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APD<\/jats:styled-content>) measured at 50% (n\u00a0=\u00a05) after repolarization, without changing the resting potential. The increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APD<\/jats:styled-content>could be attributed to the blockade of the transient outward K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current (I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub>) (59.7%, n\u00a0=\u00a04), the non\u2010inactivation K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current (I<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>) (39.2%, n\u00a0=\u00a04) and the inward rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) (33.7%, n\u00a0=\u00a04). In isolated hearts, geraniol increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>i and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>i without affecting the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QRS<\/jats:styled-content>complex (n\u00a0=\u00a06), and it reduced both the left ventricular pressure (83%) and heart rate (16.5%). Geraniol delayed the time to onset of ouabain\u2010induced arrhythmias by 128%, preventing 30% of the increase in resting tension (n\u00a0=\u00a06). Geraniol exerts its negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in the heart by decreasing both L\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and voltage\u2010gated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>currents, ultimately acting against ouabain\u2010induced arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T05:04:55Z","timestamp":1401167095000},"page":"534-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Geraniol Blocks Calcium and Potassium Channels in the Mammalian Myocardium: Useful Effects to Treat Arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Evaldo Rodrigues","family":"de Menezes\u2010Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biophysics Heart Department of Physiology Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristovao 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