{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:48:40Z","timestamp":1777909720447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finska L\u00c3\u00a4kares\u00c3\u00a4llskapet"},{"name":"Memorial Foundation of Dorothea Olivia, Karl Walter and Jarl Walter Perkl\u00c3\u00a9n"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous lipid emulsion has been suggested as treatment for local anaesthetic toxicity, but the exact mechanism of action is still uncertain. Controlled studies on the effect of lipid emulsion on toxic doses of local anaesthetics have not been performed in man. In randomized, subject\u2010blinded and two\u2010phase cross\u2010over fashion, eight healthy volunteers were given a 1.5\u00a0ml\/kg bolus of 20% Intralipid<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (200\u00a0mg\/ml) or Ringer's acetate solution intravenously, followed by a rapid injection of lidocaine 1.0\u00a0mg\/kg. Then, the same solution as in the bolus was infused at a rate of 0.25\u00a0ml\/kg\/min. for 30\u00a0min. Electroencephalography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>) was recorded, and 5\u00a0min. after lidocaine injection, the volunteers were asked to report subjective symptoms. Total and un\u2010entrapped lidocaine plasma concentrations were measured from venous blood samples. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> band power changes (delta, alpha and beta) after the lidocaine bolus were similar during lipid and during Ringer infusion. There were no differences between infusions in the subjective symptoms of central nervous system toxicity. Lidocaine was only minimally entrapped in the plasma by lipid emulsion, but the mean un\u2010entrapped lidocaine area under concentration\u2013time curve from 0 to 30\u00a0min. was clearly smaller during lipid than Ringer infusion (16.4 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 21.3\u00a0mg\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0min\/l, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.044). Intravenous lipid emulsion did not influence subjective toxicity symptoms nor affect the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> changes caused by lidocaine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T10:51:00Z","timestamp":1410346260000},"page":"378-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Given to Volunteers does not Affect Symptoms of Lidocaine Brain Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Juho A.","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Litonius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tapani","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"Haasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Tarkkila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne T.","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology University of Helsinki and HUSLAB Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per H.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31822e0d8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"CaveG Harrop\u2010GriffithsW HarveyMG MeekT PicardJ ShortTet\u00a0al.AAGBI safety guideline: management of severe local anaesthetic toxicity. 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