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Carbachol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>h) (10<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u00a0M) concentration\u2013response curves were obtained both in the absence and in the presence of Rac1 inhibitor<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSC<\/jats:styled-content>23766 (0.1, 1 and 10\u00a0\u03bcM). Diabetes\u2010related histopathological changes and Rac1 expressions were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>h caused dose\u2010dependent contractile responses in all the study groups. Rac1 inhibitor<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSC<\/jats:styled-content>23766 inhibited<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>h\u2010induced contractile responses in all groups, but this inhibition seen in both diabetes groups was greater than in the control group. Histological examination revealed an increased bladder wall thickness both in the diabetes and in the insulin\u2010treated diabetes groups compared to the control group. In immunohistochemical staining, expression of Rac1 was observed to be increased in all layers of bladder in both diabetic groups compared to the control group. In the diabetic bladders, increased expression of Rac1 and considerable inhibition of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>h\u2010induced responses in the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSC<\/jats:styled-content>23766 compared to those of the control group may indicate a specific role of Rac1 in diabetes\u2010related bladder dysfunction, especially associated with cholinergic mediated detrusor overactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T07:59:15Z","timestamp":1415433555000},"page":"476-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Rac1 on Carbachol\u2010induced Contractile Activity in Detrusor Smooth Muscle from Streptozotocin\u2010induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Atiye 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