{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:59:39Z","timestamp":1770998379080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute Biochimique SA (IBSA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of upper gastrointestinal complications (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content>) due to low\u2010dose aspirin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content>) can be further increased by the concurrent exposure to other antithrombotic agents. Little is known on the combined therapy with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content> and medications containing omega\u20103 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>3) fatty acids, which also exert antiplatelet activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content> in patients exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>3 combination. The Italian Health Search IMS Health Longitudinal Patients Database was used to perform a population\u2010based cohort study. Patients aged \u226518\u00a0years with cardio\u2010 or cerebrovascular ischaemic disease recorded between 2002 and 2012 (cohort entry) were selected. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content> cases (index date) observed up to December 2013 were identified. According to a nested case\u2013control analysis, up to 10 controls were matched to each case on age, sex and calendar period. The risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content> was investigated among current (up to 30\u00a0days preceding index date), recent (31\u201360\u00a0days) and past users (61\u2013365\u00a0days) of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>3 combination. Exposure assessment was lagged by 30\u00a0days to minimize reverse causation. Additionally, a duration\u2013response analysis was performed. Odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Non\u2010users of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>3 combination were the reference category. Current (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.66; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.44\u20131.00), recent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.83; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.52\u20131.33) and past users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.81; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.57\u20131.15) did not statistically significantly increase the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content>. No duration\u2013response relationship was found. Our results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>3 combination therapy does not affect the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGIC<\/jats:styled-content> risk in patients with cardio\u2010 or cerebrovascular ischaemic diseases. Given the novelty of these findings, further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T15:36:02Z","timestamp":1439825762000},"page":"136-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Concurrent Use of Low\u2010Dose Aspirin and Omega\u20103 Fatty Acids and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Complications: A Cohort Study with Nested Case\u2013Control Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Roberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Agency for Healthcare Services of Tuscany Epidemiology Unit Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Search Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Cricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Search Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Cricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Search Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saffi Ettore","family":"Giustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Parretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Search Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.10.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i11.1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9971-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Overview of omega\u20103 fatty acid therapies","volume":"38","author":"Bradberry JC","year":"2013","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91505-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)80137-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-02-0084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451300425X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-1-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/21.3.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"VIII Report Health Search 2013\u20132014. 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