{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:26:11Z","timestamp":1760646371907},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Development Center of Loghman-Hakim Hospital"},{"name":"Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>This was a retrospective chart review to evaluate various risk factors associated with in\u2010hospital mortality and intubation risk in acute methadone overdose. All patients admitted to an academic hospital in Tehran, Iran, during a 10\u2010year period (2000\u20132009) constituted the study sample. Exclusion criteria were significant comorbidities and age under 18 years. Outcome variables were in\u2010hospital mortality and being intubated during admission. A total of 802 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 15 (1.8%) deaths due to methadone overdose or its complications. The number of yearly admissions was 15 patients in 2000, 16 in 2001, 16 in 2002, 18 in 2003, 23 in 2004, 38 in 2005, 59 in 2006, 110 in 2007, 206 in 2008 and 301 in 2009. Based on logistic regression analysis, the most important independent variable predicting mortality was length of admission in toxicology ward [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.6 (1.1\u20132.3)]. For the prediction of intubation, independent variables were Glasgow Coma Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCS<\/jats:styled-content>) score of 5\u20139 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 356.5 (9.8\u201312907.4)] in the emergency department (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>), miosis in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> [356.9 (1.4\u201387872.5)] and respiratory rate in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> [1.5 (1.1\u20132.1)]. Linear regression model for length of hospitalization showed patient age as the most important variable for prediction of this outcome. Despite a relatively low mortality rate, the increasing number of methadone\u2010poisoned patients requires special attention to this common intoxication. Careful disposition of patients from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> to ordinary wards or intensive care units and also from higher to lower levels of care should be considered in methadone overdose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T16:46:07Z","timestamp":1440434767000},"page":"231-237","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Factors for Mortality and Endotracheal Intubation after Methadone Intoxication"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hassanian\u2010Moghaddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Loghman\u2010Hakim Hospital School of Medicine Shahid\u2010Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology Iranian Ministry of Health Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kambiz","family":"Soltaninejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Shadnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Loghman\u2010Hakim Hospital School of Medicine Shahid\u2010Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology Iranian Ministry of Health Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Shahid\u2010Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Mirafzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090080008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0908913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200208000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1225-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000259102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.6.802.32186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.12.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239800187551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2011.588352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.2.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00628.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejfs.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"534","article-title":"Acute adult and adolescent poisoning in Tehran, Iran; 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