{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T13:10:23Z","timestamp":1719407423720},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]],"date-time":"2015-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007899","name":"University of Arizona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annually, thousands suffer poisonous snakebite, often from defibrinogenating species. It has been demonstrated that iron and carbon monoxide change the ultrastructure of plasma thrombi and improve coagulation kinetics. Thus, this investigation sought to determine whether pre\u2010treatment of plasma with iron and carbon monoxide could attenuate venom\u2010mediated catalysis of fibrinogen obtained from <jats:italic>Agkistrodon<\/jats:italic> species with fibrinogenase activity. Human plasma was pre\u2010treated with ferric chloride (0\u201310 \u03bcM) and carbon monoxide\u2010releasing molecule\u20102 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CORM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, 0\u2013100 \u03bcM) prior to exposure to 0.5\u201311 \u03bcg\/ml of six different <jats:italic>Agkistrodon<\/jats:italic> species\u2019 venom. The amount of venom used for experimentation needed to decrease coagulation function of one or more kinetic parameters by at least 50% of normal values for (e.g. half the normal speed of clot formation). Coagulation kinetics were determined with thrombelastography. All six snake venoms degraded plasmatic coagulation kinetics to a significant extent, especially prolonging the onset to clot formation and diminishing the speed of clot growth. Pre\u2010treatment of plasma with iron and carbon monoxide attenuated these venom\u2010mediated coagulation kinetic changes in a species\u2010specific manner, with some venom effects markedly abrogated while others were only mildly decreased. Further <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> investigation of other pit viper venoms that possess fibrinogenolytic activity is indicated to identify species amenable to or resistant to iron and carbon monoxide\u2010mediated attenuation of venom\u2010mediated catalysis of fibrinogen. Lastly, future pre\u2010clinical investigation with animal models (e.g. rabbit ear\u2010bleed model) is planned to determine whether iron and carbon monoxide can be used therapeutically after envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T09:04:03Z","timestamp":1444899843000},"page":"390-395","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Iron and Carbon Monoxide on Fibrinogenase\u2010like Degradation of Plasmatic Coagulation by Venoms of Six <i>Agkistrodon<\/i> Species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Vance G.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Redford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick K.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/06-WEME-OR-080R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650902870277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650903113701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e318257c2d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0000000000000067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2003.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00008-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(82)90005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90125-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(93)90016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(81)90280-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e328345c069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-013-9657-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","article-title":"Iron and carbon monoxide attenuate degradation of plasmatic coagulation by Crotalus atrox venom","author":"Nielsen VG","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32834ea012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078930"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; 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