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Rho kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>) is a key regulator of calcium sensitization and contraction in vascular smooth muscle. This study investigated the role of calcium and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>in contraction evoked by activation of the thromboxane receptors. Rat intracavernous penile arteries were mounted for isometric tension and intracellular calcium ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) recording and corpus cavernosum for measurements of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MYPT<\/jats:styled-content>1 phosphorylation. In penile arteries, U46619 by activation of thromboxane receptors concentration dependently increased calcium and contraction. U46619\u2010induced calcium influx was blocked by nifedipine, a blocker of L\u2010type calcium channels, and by 2\u2010aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a blocker of transient receptor potential (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRP<\/jats:styled-content>) channels. Inhibitors of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>, Y27632 and glycyl\u2010H1152P, concentration dependently reduced U46619\u2010induced contraction, but only Y27632 reduced [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>levels in the penile arteries activated with either high extracellular potassium or U46619.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MYPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Thr<jats:sup>850<\/jats:sup>phosphorylation in corpus cavernous strips was increased in response to U46619 through activation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content>receptors and was found to be a direct result of phosphorylation by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>. Y27632 induced less relaxation in mesenteric arteries, H1152P induced equipotent relaxations, and a protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro\u2010318220, failed to relax intracavernous penile arteries, but induced full relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. Our findings suggest that U46619 contraction depends on Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx through L\u2010type and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRP<\/jats:styled-content>channels, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent mechanisms in penile arteries. Inhibition of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>pathway is a potential approach for the treatment of erectile dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]],"date-time":"2015-12-26T13:48:41Z","timestamp":1451137721000},"page":"86-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Mechanisms Involved in Thromboxane A<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010induced Vasoconstriction of Rat Intracavernous Small Penile Arteries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Grann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Comerma\u2010Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D. 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