{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:34:17Z","timestamp":1787168057065,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006388","name":"H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRD 17\u20102014\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRD 17\u20102014\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cytochrome P450 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) activity can be assessed using a \u2018cocktail\u2019 phenotyping approach. Recently, we have developed a cocktail (Geneva cocktail) which combines the use of low\u2010dose probes with a low\u2010invasiveness dried blood spots (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) sampling technique and a single analytical method for the phenotyping of six major\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isoforms. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    activity after pre\u2010treatment with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    inhibitors\/inducer could be reliably predicted using Geneva cocktail. To further validate this cocktail, in this study, we have verified whether probe drugs contained in the latter cause mutual drug\u2013drug interactions. In a randomized, four\u2010way, Latin\u2010square crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers received low\u2010dose caffeine, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam (a previously validated combination with no mutual drug\u2013drug interactions); fexofenadine alone; bupropion alone; or all seven drugs simultaneously (Geneva cocktail). Pharmacokinetic profiles of the probe drugs and their metabolites were determined in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    samples using both conventional micropipette sampling and new microfluidic device allowing for self\u2010sampling. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    metabolite\/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    probe for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    probes administered alone or within Geneva cocktail fell within the 0.8\u20131.25 bioequivalence range indicating the absence of pharmacokinetic interaction. The same result was observed for the chosen phenotyping indices, that is metabolic ratios at 2 hr (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1A2,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    3A) or 3 hr (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2B6,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2C9,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2C19,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2D6) post\u2010cocktail administration.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sampling could successfully be performed using a new microfluidic device. In conclusion, Geneva cocktail combined with an innovative\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sampling device can be used routinely as a test for simultaneous\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    phenotyping.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T07:33:04Z","timestamp":1458804784000},"page":"284-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Evaluation of Mutual Drug\u2013Drug Interaction within Geneva Cocktail for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping using Innovative Dried Blood Sampling Method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"Bosilkovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Samer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"D\u00e9glon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Toxicology University Center of Legal Medicine Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"DBS System Gland Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Toxicology University Center of Legal Medicine Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Walder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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