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Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine widely distributed in mammalian brain, is a novel neurotransmitter\/neuromodulator, with antistress, anxiolytic and antidepressant\u2010like effects. In this study, we examined the effect of exogenously administered agmatine on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome pathway\/cytokine responses in rats exposed to restraint stress for 7 days. The rats were divided into three groups: stress, stress+agmatine (40 mg\/kg; i.p.) and control groups. Agmatine significantly down\u2010regulated the gene expressions of all stress\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome components (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PYCARD<\/jats:styled-content>, caspase\u20101, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFC<\/jats:styled-content>) and reduced pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels not only in both brain regions, but also in serum. Stress\u2010reduced levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, two major anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, were restored back to normal by agmatine treatment in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFC<\/jats:styled-content>. The findings of the present study suggest that stress\u2010activated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome and cytokine responses are reversed by an acute administration of agmatine. Whether antidepressant\u2010like effect of agmatine can somehow, at least partially, be mediated by the inhibition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome cascade and relevant inflammatory responses requires further studies in animal models of depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T18:47:37Z","timestamp":1460314057000},"page":"367-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Agmatine Reverses Sub\u2010chronic Stress induced Nod\u2010like Receptor Protein 3 (<scp>NLRP<\/scp>3) Activation and Cytokine Response in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ceren","family":"Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit Faculty of Pharmacy Marmara University Istanbul 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