{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:29:44Z","timestamp":1792268984452,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES009797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES009797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES012199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES012199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES021477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES021477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At the time that Paracelsus coined his famous dictum, \u2018What is there that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing is without poison. Solely the dose determines that a thing is not a poison\u2019, embryonic toxicology was a fairly focused discipline that mainly dealt with occupational poisonings and side effects of pharmaceuticals, such as mercury. While Paracelsus paved the way for the modern threshold concept and the no\u2010adverse effect level, modern\u2010day toxicology is now tussling with highly complex issues, such as developmental exposures, genetic predisposition and other sources of hypersusceptibility, multiple causes of underestimated toxicity, and the continuous presence of uncertainty, even in regard to otherwise well\u2010studied mercury compounds. Further, the wealth of industrial chemicals now challenges the \u2018untested\u2010chemical assumption\u2019, that the lack of documentation means that toxic potentials can be ignored. Unfortunately, in its ambition to provide solid evidence, toxicology has been pushed into almost endless replications, as evidenced by the thousands of toxicology publications every year that focus on toxic metals, including mercury, while less well\u2010known hazards are ignored. From a public health viewpoint, toxicology needs to provide better guidance on decision\u2010making under ever\u2010present uncertainty. In this role, we need to learn from the stalwart Paracelsus the insistence on relying on facts rather than authority alone to protect against chemical hazards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1464072186000},"page":"126-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Paracelsus Revisited: The Dose Concept in a Complex World"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Goodman LS","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"790","article-title":"Paracelsus. 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