{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:16:59Z","timestamp":1790738219041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Foundation"},{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to explore the possibility of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>) as a protector of male fertility in chemotherapy, we observed the damage of cyclophosphamide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>) to Sertoli cells and the protective effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> on the testis Sertoli cells from such damage in this study. Healthy adult male mice were divided into three groups: chemotherapy group were injected intraperitoneally with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>; protective agent group were injected both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>; control group mice were injected only with isochoric physiological saline; all once a day for 5 days. After 5 days, the mice were, respectively, killed at 24 hr after the last injection. The testis and epididymis were removed. Epididymis was for sperm analysis immediately, and immunohistochemistry, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and Western blot for the assessments of occludin, glial cell\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDNF<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b23 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression. The sperm analysis of epididymis showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> can significantly decrease sperm count and motility; and administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in significant recovery of the sperm count and sperm motility. Compared with control group, the expressions of occludin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDNF<\/jats:styled-content> decreased and the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b23 increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> group. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> group, the expressions of occludin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDNF<\/jats:styled-content> were higher than those of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> group and similar to those of the control group; the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b23 expression was lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) than that of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> group and similar to that of the control group. The results of this study showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content> could damage the spermatogenesis and reduce the expression of occludin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDNF<\/jats:styled-content>, and increase the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b23 in testis of mouse, which indicates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>'s damage or efficacy to testis Sertoli cells. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> could protect the Sertoli cells of testis from these damages caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>, and promote or protect the spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study provides meaningful information about the possible damage to male fertility by chemotherapeutics and potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> in the protection of male fertility during chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T07:56:55Z","timestamp":1474444615000},"page":"152-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Effects of <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010Carnitine Against Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Injuries in Mouse Testis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Yuanchao","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 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