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Soman, administered in a dose that was ineffective in blocking the electrically induced contractions of the phrenic nerve\u2010diaphragm preparation<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, induced a complete block of the spontaneous respiratory movements of the diaphragm, indicating the domination of central over the peripheral effects. Naloxone dose\u2010dependently antagonized the soman\u2010induced respiratory blockade. Atropine, at a dose that was<jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>ineffective in counteracting soman\u2010induced respiratory depression, potentiated the protective effects of naloxone and completely restored respiration. Naloxone remained completely ineffective in antagonizing respiratory depression induced by the muscarinic receptor agonist the oxotremorine. It is assumed that naloxone antagonizes soman\u2010induced respiratory inhibition by blocking endogenous opioidergic respiratory control pathways that are independent of the stimulation of muscarinic receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T21:52:43Z","timestamp":1482184363000},"page":"615-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Naloxone Antagonizes Soman\u2010induced Central Respiratory Depression in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Ranko","family":"\u0160krbi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Republic of Srpska Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161 P.","family":"Stojiljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Republic of Srpska Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina"},{"name":"Military Medical Academy Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavko S.","family":"\u0106etkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Medical Academy Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Dobri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Medical Academy Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejan","family":"Jeremi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Vulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Central respiratory effects versus neuromuscular actions of nerve agents","volume":"7","author":"Rickett DL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(76)90206-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory effects of various doses of soman in guinea\u2010pigs: efficacy of atropine treatment","volume":"325","author":"Worek F","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90023-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Cholinergic\u2010opioid interactions at brainstem respiratory chemosensitive areas in cats","volume":"14","author":"Trouth CO","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"500","article-title":"Potential of memantine, d\u2010tubocurarine and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents: soman, sarin, tabun and VX","volume":"13","author":"Gupta RC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90055-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153187"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(88)90042-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12318-5","article-title":"Differential effects of a quaternary cholinesterase inhibitor, phospholine, and its tertiary analogue, compound 217\u2010AO, on central control of respiration and on neuromuscular transmission. 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