{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:51:33Z","timestamp":1778874693031,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In heart failure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>), the heart cannot pump blood efficiently and is therefore unable to meet the body's demands of oxygen, and\/or there is increased end\u2010diastolic pressure. Current treatments for HF with reduced ejection fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>) include angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>) inhibitors, angiotension receptor type 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) antagonists, \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists, aldosterone receptor antagonists, diuretics, digoxin and a combination drug with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist and neprilysin inhibitor. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>, the risk of readmission for hospital and mortality is markedly higher with a heart rate (HR) above 70 bpm. Here, we review the evidence regarding the use of ivabradine for lowering HR in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>. Ivabradine is a blocker of an I funny current (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>(f)) channel and causes rate\u2010dependent inhibition of the pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node. In clinical trials of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>, treatment with ivabradine seems to improve clinical outcome, for example improved ejection fraction (EF) and less readmission for hospital, but the effect appears most pronounced in patients with HRs above 70 bpm, while the effect on cardiovascular death appears less consistent. The adverse effects of ivabradine include bradycardia, atrial fibrillation and visual disturbances, but ivabradine avoids the negative inotrope effects observed with \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists. In conclusion, in patients with stable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;35% and HR above 70 bpm, ivabradine improves the outcome and might be a first choice of therapy, if beta\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists are not tolerated. Further studies must show whether that can be extended to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with preserved EF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T23:06:46Z","timestamp":1491347206000},"page":"89-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ivabradine: Current and Future Treatment of Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Lene","family":"Thorup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elise R.","family":"Hedegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12453"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","volume-title":"Patologi. 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