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Insulin\u2010induced hypoglycaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>) might potentially exacerbate or contribute to neuropathy as hypoglycaemia also causes peripheral neuropathy. In rats, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> induces neuropathy associated with skeletal muscle changes. Aims of this study were to investigate the progression and sequence of histopathologic changes caused by chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> in rat peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle, and whether such changes were reversible. Chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> was induced by infusion of human insulin, followed by an infusion\u2010free recovery period in some of the animals. Sciatic, plantar nerves and thigh muscle were examined histopathologically after four or eight weeks of infusion and after the recovery period. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in high incidence of axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves and low incidence in plantar nerves indicating proximo\u2010distal progression of the neuropathy. The neuropathy progressed in severity (sciatic nerve) and incidence (sciatic and plantar nerve) with the duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>. The myopathy consisted of groups of angular atrophic myofibres which resembled histopathologic changes classically seen after denervation of skeletal muscle, and severity of the myofibre atrophy correlated with severity of axonal degeneration in sciatic nerve. Both neuropathy and myopathy were still present after four weeks of recovery, although the neuropathy was less severe. In conclusion, the results suggest that peripheral neuropathy induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content> progresses proximo\u2010distally, that severity and incidence increase with duration of the hypoglycaemia and that\u00a0these changes are partially reversible within four weeks. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced myopathy is most likely secondary to the neuropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T08:34:59Z","timestamp":1502958899000},"page":"165-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proximal Neuropathy and Associated Skeletal Muscle Changes Resembling Denervation Atrophy in Hindlimbs of Chronic Hypoglycaemic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Vivi F. 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