{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:48:45Z","timestamp":1762926525365},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inadequate antidote stocking is a global problem in hospitals. Insufficient supplies and delays in the administration of antidotes could lead to death and additional potentially negative clinical consequences. Our objective was to determine the availability of antidotes in hospitals listed on the Saudi Ministry of Health website in the Riyadh Province and to evaluate the leading poison in Saudi Arabia. A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted using questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to pharmacist directors and emergency room\u2010treating physicians in 17 public hospitals throughout the Riyadh Province. None (0\/17) of the pharmacies contained the 24 recommended essential antidotes by the expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals. Polyvalent scorpion antivenom, atropine sulphate, calcium gluconate, flumazenil and naloxone hydrochloride were stocked in 94.12% (16\/17) of hospitals. 66.67% of patients presented with osmolality, and 55.56% of referral patients with opiates, barbiturates, acetaminophen and salicylate. Our findings have important implications for healthcare institutions and pharmaceutical practices. National practice guidelines are needed to assist pharmacists in selecting appropriate antidotes based on the local pattern of poisoning incidents. Therefore, further study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia needs to be completed to fully evaluate the availability of antidotes throughout the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T09:46:42Z","timestamp":1508924802000},"page":"288-292","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antidote Availability in Saudi Arabia Hospitals in the Riyadh Province"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"AlTamimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidal K.","family":"Malhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najla M.","family":"Khojah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Manea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"AlTamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami Ayed","family":"AlShammary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1071\/HC12100","article-title":"Access in New Zealand to antidotes for accidental and intentional drug poisonings","volume":"4","author":"Abbott V","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","article-title":"Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care","volume":"54","author":"Dart RC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604033141420","article-title":"Nonavailability of poison antidotes","volume":"314","author":"Howland MA","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Availability of antidotes in hospital pharmacies in the Czech Republic","volume":"52","author":"Hrub\u00fd K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ceska Slov Farm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Health statistical year book(2011)www.moh.gov.saJune 2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8338-1_7","article-title":"Venomous animals: clinical toxinology","volume":"100","author":"White J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experientia Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500008058","article-title":"Antidote stocking in British Columbia hospitals","volume":"5","author":"Gorman SK","year":"2003","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201224","article-title":"National audit of antidote stocking in acute hospitals in the UK","volume":"30","author":"Thanacoody R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Antidote availability in Quebec hospital pharmacies: impact of N\u2010 acetylcysteine and naloxone consumption","volume":"7","author":"Bailey B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Availability of antidotes in hospital pharmacies in Greece","volume":"43","author":"Plataki M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcpt.12897","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.12897","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bcpt.12897","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.12897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T08:51:48Z","timestamp":1693731108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcpt.12897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcpt.12897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.12897","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7835","1742-7843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7835","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-7843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}