{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:31:41Z","timestamp":1765546301345},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Azathioprine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZA<\/jats:styled-content>), a thiopurine drug, is widely used in the treatment of children with immunological diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>) and autoimmune hepatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>); however, interindividual variability in the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and drug response is observed. This study investigated (i) the relationships between inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content>) activity, an enzyme involved in thiopurine metabolism, and the occurrence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADR<\/jats:styled-content>s in children with immunological disease on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy, and (ii) the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity and the inflammatory activity observed in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPMT<\/jats:styled-content> activities were determined in 106 children with immunological disease on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Markers of hepatotoxicity, myelotoxicity, pancreatitis and inflammation as well as clinical information were retrospectively collected during regular medical visits. No significant association was found between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity and hepatotoxicity or clinical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADR<\/jats:styled-content>s such as cutaneous reactions, arthralgia, flulike symptoms and gastrointestinal disorders. Concerning myelotoxicity, a significant relation was observed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> mean corpuscular volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> p<\/jats:italic>=0.003). This observation may be related to the significant relationship found between high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity and the increase in \u03b3\u2010globulin level reflecting inflammation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.005). In our study, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity was not associated with occurrence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADR<\/jats:styled-content>s, but a relationship between high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity and \u03b3\u2010globulin, a marker of inflammation, was found in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>. Therefore, measurement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITPA<\/jats:styled-content> activity may help to identify children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> predisposed to residual inflammation on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this result.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T02:06:40Z","timestamp":1515722800000},"page":"588-595","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>ITPA<\/scp> Activity in Children Treated by Azathioprine: Relationship to the Occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions and Inflammatory Response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Antony","family":"Citterio\u2010Quentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 5305 Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacokinetics and Drug Evaluation Universit\u00e9 de Lyon Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1 Lyon France"},{"name":"Edouard Herriot Hospital Laboratory of Medical Biology Multi Sites of the University Hospital of Lyon Pharmaco\u2010Toxicology Unit, Civil Hospices of Lyon Lyon 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