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As prostaglandin F2\u03b1 (PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1) is an ARA<\/jats:styled-content> metabolite and endogenous agonist of prostaglandin F receptor (FP<\/jats:styled-content>), we have been suggested that down\u2010regulation of PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1\u2010FP<\/jats:styled-content> receptor signalling pathway contributes to myopia onset. To test this hypothesis, this study determines whether: (i) retinal PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1 levels decline during the development of form deprivation myopia (FDM<\/jats:styled-content>) in guinea pigs; (ii) FP<\/jats:styled-content> receptor agonism and antagonism alter emmetropization and myopia development. Pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned to normal vision and form\u2010deprived groups. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (UPLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010MS<\/jats:styled-content>) measured retinal PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1 levels 2\u00a0weeks after form deprivation (FD<\/jats:styled-content>). The selective FP<\/jats:styled-content> agonist, latanoprost acid (LAT<\/jats:styled-content>) and its corresponding antagonist, AL<\/jats:styled-content>8810, were peribulbarly injected into each group. An eccentric infrared photorefractor (EIR<\/jats:styled-content>) monitored refraction. A\u2010scan ultrasonography measured axial elongation (AL<\/jats:styled-content>) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD<\/jats:styled-content>). Tonometry measured the intraocular pressure (IOP<\/jats:styled-content>). Retinal PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1 levels declined in form\u2010deprived eyes compared to those in normal eyes. Neither LAT<\/jats:styled-content> nor AL<\/jats:styled-content>8810 affected IOP<\/jats:styled-content> with or without FD<\/jats:styled-content>. On the other hand, after 4\u00a0weeks of daily 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg AL<\/jats:styled-content>8810 treatment, a myopia of \u22121.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34\u00a0dioptre (D) developed, but LAT<\/jats:styled-content> had no effect on emmetropization in a normal visual environment. Nevertheless, daily 30\u00a0\u03bcg LAT<\/jats:styled-content> treatment for 4\u00a0weeks inhibited FDM<\/jats:styled-content> development by 41% (vehicle control: \u22128.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.45\u00a0D; LAT<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22124.95\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.39\u00a0D; two\u2010way anova<\/jats:sc> with repeated measures, p\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Down\u2010regulation of PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1\u2010FP<\/jats:styled-content> receptor signalling pathway may contribute to myopia onset as retinal PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1 declined in myopic eyes and antagonism of FP<\/jats:styled-content> receptor by AL<\/jats:styled-content>8810 induced a myopic shift in normal vision environment. Meanwhile, up\u2010regulation of this pathway by LAT<\/jats:styled-content> inhibited FDM<\/jats:styled-content> development. However, the mechanism underlying LAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced FDM<\/jats:styled-content> inhibition needs further clarification. This uncertainty exists because its inhibition of FDM<\/jats:styled-content> suggests that LAT<\/jats:styled-content> strengthens the scleral framework which reduces axial elongation. On the other hand, its IOP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010lowering effect is attributed to thinning and weakening the scleral framework in glaucoma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1522512045000},"page":"263-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Receptor Modulation Affects Eye Development in Guinea Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Jinglei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science Wenzhou Zhejiang 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