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The physicochemical properties of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity\u2010inducing physicochemical properties of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> is therefore of great importance. We have evaluated histological changes in lung tissue 1\u00a0year after a single intratracheal instillation of 11 well\u2010characterized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> in female C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6N BomTac mice. Genotoxicity in liver and spleen was evaluated by the comet assay. The dose of 54\u00a0\u03bcg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> corresponds to three times the estimated dose accumulated during a work life at a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIOSH<\/jats:styled-content> recommended exposure limit (0.001\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). Short and thin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> were observed as agglomerates in lung tissue 1\u00a0year after exposure, whereas thicker and longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> were detected as single fibres, suggesting biopersistence of both types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content>. The thin and entangled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> induced varying degree of pulmonary inflammation, in terms of lymphocytic aggregates, granulomas and macrophage infiltration, whereas two thick and straight <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> did not. By multiple regression analysis, larger diameter and higher content of iron predicted less histopathological changes, whereas higher cobalt content significantly predicted more histopathological changes. No <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related fibrosis or tumours in the lungs or pleura was found. One thin and entangled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> induced increased levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> strand breaks in liver; however, no physicochemical properties could be related to genotoxicity. This study reveals physicochemical\u2010dependent difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced long\u2010term, pulmonary histopathological changes. Identification of diameter size and cobalt content as important for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content> toxicity provides clues for designing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWCNT<\/jats:styled-content>, which cause reduced human health effects following pulmonary exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T12:20:21Z","timestamp":1535718021000},"page":"211-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Physicochemical predictors of Multi\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotube\u2013induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Kristina B.","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the 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of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Occupational Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen \u00d8 Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Micro\u2010 and Nanotechnology DTU Lyngby 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