{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1767862197086,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S1411019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1411019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been considerable research on the involvement of RhoA\/Rho kinase signalling in smooth muscle contractions. However, only a few reports have addressed the specific role of Rac1, which is a member of the Rho GTPase superfamily. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Rac1\u2010related pathways in bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contractions. Bronchial rings isolated from mice were suspended in an organ bath, and the isometric contractions of circular smooth muscles were monitored. The phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLCs) was analysed by immunoblotting. The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 inhibited carbachol (CCh)\u2010induced BSM contractions, although high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> depolarization\u2010induced BSM contractions were not significantly attenuated by EHT1864. Moreover, high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and phorbol 12,13\u2010dibutyrate (PDBu; PKC activator)\u2010induced contractions were not attenuated by Rac1 inhibition, whereas sodium fluoride (NaF)\u2010induced force development was inhibited by EHT1864. The gene and protein expression of Rac1 was increased in the BSM of a murine model with antigen\u2010induced airway hyper\u2010responsiveness (AHR). In addition, an increased force of the BSM contractions in AHR was suppressed by EHT1864 treatment, suggesting that the up\u2010regulation of Rac1 is involved in AHR. These findings suggest that an increase in Rac1\u2010mediated signalling is involved in the augmented contractions of BSMs in antigen\u2010induced AHR mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T04:05:07Z","timestamp":1548821107000},"page":"8-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Up\u2010regulation of Rac1 in the bronchial smooth muscle of murine experimental asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Hoshi University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Motegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Hoshi University Tokyo 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