{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:08:03Z","timestamp":1783033683320,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asbestos (Mg\u2010hydrosilicate; chrysotile) is known to cause pleural diseases, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancers, via mechanisms strongly depending on diameter\u2010length ratio and possibly metal content. A critical question is whether synthetic hydrosilicate nanotubes (NTs) of short length possess little toxic potential compared to chrysotile. Five Mg\u2010 and two NiNTs of different lengths were assessed for cytotoxicity and pro\u2010inflammatory responses in THP\u20101 macrophages and human bronchial epithelial lung cells (HBEC3\u2010KT), in comparison with chrysotile. NT lengths\/diameters were characterized by TEM, surface areas by BET\u2010 and BJH analysis, and chemical composition by XRD. The different Mg\u2010 and NiNTs induced little cytotoxicity in both cell models, in contrast to chrysotile that induced marked cytotoxicity. The two longest synthetic MgNTs, with median lengths of 3 and 5\u00a0\u00b5m, induced increased levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines in THP\u20101 macrophages, but much less than chrysotile (median length 15\u00a0\u00b5m) and silica nanoparticles (Si10). The shortest NTs did not induce any increase in cytokines. In HBEC3\u2010KT cells, all synthetic NTs induced no or only small changes in cytokine responses, in contrast to chrysotile and Si10. The synthetic NTs induced lower TGF\u2010\u03b2 responses than chrysotile in both cell models. In conclusion, the pro\u2010inflammatory responses were associated with the length of synthetic hydrosilicate NTs in THP\u20101 macrophages, but not in HBEC3\u2010KT cells. Notably, the shortest NTs showed no or little pro\u2010inflammatory activity or cytotoxicity in both cell models. Such a safety by design approach is important for development of new materials being candidates for various new products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T16:18:17Z","timestamp":1571501897000},"page":"374-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Synthetic hydrosilicate nanotubes induce low pro\u2010inflammatory and cytotoxic responses compared to natural chrysotile in lung cell cultures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Tonje","family":"Skuland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Air Pollution and Noise Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Maslennikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Silicate Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences St. 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