{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:39:34Z","timestamp":1788057574638,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastric ulcer is a widespread inflammatory disease with high socio\u2010economic burden. C\u2010phycocyanin is one of the active constituents of Spirulina microalgae, and although it is well known for its antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties, its protective effects against gastric ulcer have not yet been identified. High\u2010mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that, once secreted extracellularly, initiates several inflammatory reactions, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010ulcerogenic effects of C\u2010phycocyanin against ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcer targeting HMGB1\/NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway. Ulcer induction showed increase in HMGB1 expression through activation of nucleotide\u2010binding domain and leucine\u2010rich repeat\u2010containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa p65 (NF\u2010\u03baB p65). Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were elevated in the ulcer\u2010treated group compared to the normal control group. However, pre\u2010treatment with C\u2010phycocyanin significantly reduced HMGB1 expression via suppression of NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB, oxidative markers, IL\u20101\u03b2, tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and ulcer index value. These results were consistent with histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination. Thus, C\u2010phycocyanin is a potential therapeutic strategy with anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010ulcerogenic effects against ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T07:46:58Z","timestamp":1587282418000},"page":"265-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["C\u2010phycocyanin protects against ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcers in rats: Role of HMGB1\/NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany Abdel\u2010mageed","family":"Alzokaky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Azhar University (Girls) Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Pharmacology and biochemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy Horus University New Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Delta University for Science &amp;Technology Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El\u2010Dessouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Ahram Canadian University (ACU) Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar A.","family":"Khaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Azhar University (Girls) Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahed A.","family":"Raslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Azhar University (Girls) Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Emergency AL\u2010Ghad International College for applied medical Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Antiulcerogenic Activity of methanol extract and solvent fractions of Stem Bark of Lannea acida (A. 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