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For the virus to engage in host membrane fusion, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 utilizes the human transmembrane surface protease, TMPRSS2, to cleave and activate the spike protein. Camostat mesylate, an orally available well\u2010known serine protease inhibitor, is a potent inhibitor of TMPRSS2 and has been hypothesized as a potential antiviral drug against COVID\u201019. In vitro human cell and animal studies have shown that camostat mesylate inhibits virus\u2010cell membrane fusion and hence viral replication. In mice, camostat mesylate treatment during acute infection with influenza, also dependent on TMPRSS2, leads to a reduced viral load. The decreased viral load may be associated with an improved patient outcome. Because camostat mesylate is administered as an oral drug, it may be used in outpatients as well as inpatients at all disease stages of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection if it is shown to be an effective antiviral agent. Clinical trials are currently ongoing to test whether this well\u2010known drug could be repurposed and utilized to combat the current pandemic. In the following, we will review current knowledge on camostat mesylate mode of action, potential benefits as an antiviral agent and ongoing clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:50:07Z","timestamp":1605142207000},"page":"204-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Camostat mesylate against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and COVID\u201019\u2014Rationale, dosing and safety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Breining","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Lier","family":"Fr\u00f8lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Faculty of health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper Falkesgaard","family":"H\u00f8jen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3787-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper Damsgaard","family":"Gunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina B.","family":"Staerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Saedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cases\u2010Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senech\u00e6m Ltd. 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