{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:44:18Z","timestamp":1747183458746,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["653409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["653409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) insecticides is an important means of global self\u2010harm. The insecticides are formulated with solvents that may also contribute to toxicity. We set up a study to detect changes in osmolal and anion gaps following ingestion of OP insecticides. We recruited consecutive patients admitted to a Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka, with a history of OP self\u2010poisoning. The osmolal and anion gaps were calculated on admission and at 4, 24 and 72\u2009h post\u2010ingestion together with ethanol concentration. Forty\u2010nine patients were recruited (28 profenofos, 10 diazinon, one coumaphos, one chlorpyrifos, one phenthoate and eight unknown OP). Only modest increases in osmolal and anion gaps were noted. Small rises in osmolal gap above the upper limit of normal were noted in 16\/49 (32.7%) of all cases, 9\/28 (32.1%) profenofos cases and 4\/10 (40.0%) diazinon cases. The anion gap was raised in 24\/49 (49.0%) of all cases, 15\/28 (53.6%) profenofos cases and 5\/10 (50.0%) diazinon cases. We observed a trend for a fall in osmolal gap during the first 24\u2009h, followed by an increase up to 72\u2009h. There was no correlation between the anion gap and serum lactate concentration, indicating that a lactic acidosis was not responsible for the anion gap. Formate, which could have explained the increased gap, was not detected in any of the samples; ketoacids (beta\u2010hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) were not measured. This pilot study found that profenofos and diazinon poisoning caused only modest increases in the osmolal and anion gaps in a minority of cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1637299493000},"page":"320-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Osmolal and anion gaps after acute self\u2010poisoning with agricultural formulations of the organophosphorus insecticides profenofos and diazinon: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeevan","family":"Dhanarisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanita Maria","family":"Tzotzolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology, &amp; Therapeutics, University\/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u2010Mariya D.","family":"Vasileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology, &amp; Therapeutics, University\/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti A.","family":"Kjellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of The Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Hakulinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of The Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9579-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Vanninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of The Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indika","family":"Gawarammana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6341-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut Erik","family":"Hovda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Eddleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology, &amp; Therapeutics, University\/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Preventing Suicide. 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