{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:32:47Z","timestamp":1791894767340,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metformin is used to treat gestational diabetes. It is also used to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome and has been shown to prevent late miscarriage and preterm birth. However, increased renal clearance during pregnancy causes a decline in serum concentrations of metformin. The aim of this study was to explore the time course of the pregnancy\u2010related changes in metformin pharmacokinetics and the return to the non\u2010pregnant state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subgroup of women in the PregMet2 study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200973) agreed to provide serum samples at three time\u2010points in pregnancy (gestational weeks 19, 28 and 32) and once in post partum, (either 2, 4 or 8\u2009weeks after delivery). Serum metformin concentrations were compared using a four\u2010parameter logistic model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean steady\u2010state serum concentration of metformin during pregnancy was 9.39\u2009\u03bcmoL\/L, whereas the post partum concentration was 12.36\u2009\u03bcmoL\/L, an increase of 32% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090,019). This change took place already during the first 2\u2009weeks post partum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians who treat pregnant women with metformin should be aware of the significant decrease in metformin concentration mediated by pregnancy, and the rapid increase after delivery, as it may impact both the therapeutic efficacy and the risk of adverse drug reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:11:16Z","timestamp":1640765476000},"page":"415-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metformin serum concentrations during pregnancy and post partum \u2013 A clinical study in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3566-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketil Arne","family":"Espnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2416-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"H\u00f8nn\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tone S.","family":"L\u00f8vvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim 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