{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:14:01Z","timestamp":1778285641627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies have defined long\u2010term opioid use in varying ways, decreasing comparability, reproducibility and clinical applicability of the research. Based on recommendations from recent systematic reviews, we aimed to develop a methodology to estimate the prevalence of use persisting more than three months utilizing one of the Nordic prescription registers. We used the Norwegian Prescription Register (NorPD) to extract data on all opioid dispensations between 1 January 2004 and 31 October 2019. New users of opioids (washout 365\u2009days) were defined as long\u2010term users if they fulfilled two criteria: (1) they had \u22652 dispensations of opioids, 91\u2013180\u2009days apart; (2) days 0\u201390 included \u226590 dispensed administration units (e.g., tablets) of opioids. Overall, there were 2,543,224 new users of opioids during the study period. Of these, 354,666 (13.9%) fulfilled the criteria for long\u2010term opioid use at least once. Compared with those who did not fulfil the criteria (short\u2010term users), long\u2010term users were older, more likely women and used tramadol, oxycodone and buprenorphine more frequently as their first opioid. In conclusion, we found that 1\/7 of opioid users continued use longer than 3\u00a0months. Future outcome research should identify the clinically most important dose requirements for long\u2010term opioid use criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T03:55:00Z","timestamp":1642391700000},"page":"481-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Describing long\u2010term opioid use utilizing Nordic prescription registers\u2014A Norwegian example"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2417-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksi","family":"Hamina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidar","family":"Hjellvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health The Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marte","family":"Handal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health The Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Odsbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health The Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Skurtveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health The Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(16)00161\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14\u20102559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012509.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/E969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1er"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2021.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010021\u201006849\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010039238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010016\u20102056\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201051455\u20106_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health.Norwegian Prescription Database. 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