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Dataset was constructed using a retrospective observational cohort of hospitalized patients (&gt;18\u2009years) with oral sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim formulation. The model integrated a kinetic model for TMP, a urinary TMP concentration\u2013response curve and a kinetic model for serum potassium using an indirect response model. The model was a function of body weight, renal function, serum potassium levels and TMP dosing schedule. We evaluated covariates by the stepwise forward and backward selection methods. The Monte Carlo simulation determined the probability of hyperkalaemia (&gt;5.5 or &gt;6.0\u00a0meq\/L) according to the dosing schedule, renal function and covariates. This study included 317 patients [age 62 (42\u201372) years] with 4359 serum potassium levels. The significant covariate was non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with a 72.3% reduction in 50% inhibitory concentration. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that high\u2010dose TMP (400\u2009mg thrice daily) co\u2010administered with NSAIDs led to mild hyperkalaemia (&gt;10%) and severe hyperkalaemia (approximately 5%), regardless of renal function. In conclusion, clinicians should pay attention to hyperkalaemia with TMP high\u2010dose and co\u2010administered NSAIDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T08:30:04Z","timestamp":1661329804000},"page":"380-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Population kinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic analysis of serum potassium in patients receiving sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3898-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshinori","family":"Hirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University  Tsu Mie 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