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Carnosol, which exhibited ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia of C26 tumour\u2010bearing mice in our previous study, alleviated atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by exosomes of C26 tumour cells in the present study. MiR\u2010183\u20105p was found to be rich in C26 cells and C26 exosomes, and miR\u2010183\u20105p mimic could directly induce atrophy of C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol at 5 to 20\u2009\u03bcM could dose\u2010dependently ameliorate the myotube atrophy induced by miR\u2010183\u20105p. Four and a half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) was shown to be the direct target of miR\u2010183\u20105p. Increase in myostatin, p\u2010Smad3, MuRF\u20101, Atrogin\u20101, HIF\u20101\u03b1 and p\u2010STAT3 and decrease in mitochondrial respiration were also induced by miR\u2010183\u20105p mimic in C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol could not affect the decrease in FHL\u20101 and the activation of STAT3 pathway but could significantly alleviate the increase in myostatin, p\u2010Smad3, MuRF\u20101, Atrogin\u20101 and the decrease in mitochondrial respiration induced by miR\u2010183\u20105p. The protective effects of carnosol on myotubes against atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by miR\u2010183\u20105p, based on both its inhibiting effects on MuRF\u20101 and Atrogin\u20101\u2010mediated protein degradation and its ability of keeping the mitochondrial respiration, might contribute to its ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T23:21:23Z","timestamp":1663975283000},"page":"500-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Carnosol attenuated atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by tumour\u2010derived exosomal miR\u2010183\u20105p through inhibiting Smad3 pathway activation and keeping mitochondrial respiration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Ji\u2010Xia","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary 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