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Previous studies have indicated that betaine may be may a promising therapeutic approach for PAH\u2010induced RVF. Therefore, in this study, betaine solution for injection was prepared and characterised using various techniques. The therapeutic efficacy of three different methods of administration (intragastric, nebulised inhalation and intravenous injection) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that betaine injection administered via nebulised inhalation significantly prolonged betaine's half\u2010life and increased its internal circulation time compared to the intragastric and intravenous routes. Biodistribution experiments verified that the betaine formulation accumulated in the lung tissue when administered via inhalation. The results of the pharmacodynamic analysis further confirmed that right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index increased in the model group and that inhaled betaine suppressed these pathological changes to a level comparable to those observed in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that betaine administered by inhalation is a promising strategy for the treatment of PAH\u2010induced RVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T23:25:51Z","timestamp":1701127551000},"page":"219-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preparation of betaine injection and its therapeutic effect in pulmonary arterial hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Youlan","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan Ningxia 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