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Small extracellular senile plaques composed of filamentous aggregates of amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2) protein tend to bind to neuronal receptors, affecting cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, leading to neuroinflammation, among other pathophysiologic processes and subsequent neuronal death, followed by dementia. The amyloid cascade hypothesis points to a pathological process in the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in pathological A\u03b2. There is a close relationship between the pathologies that lead to dementia and depression. It is estimated that depression is prevalent in up to 90% of individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, with varying severity, and in 20 to 30% of cases of Alzheimer's disease. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the great intermediary between the pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and depression. This review discusses the role of A\u03b2 protein in the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia and depression, considering the HPA axis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, signalling pathways and neurotransmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T07:12:42Z","timestamp":1709968362000},"page":"563-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dementia and depression: Biological connections with amyloid \u03b2 protein"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Helam\u00e3 Moraes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Chapec\u00f3 SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Gollo","family":"Bertollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Chapec\u00f3 SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiqueli Eduarda Dama","family":"Mingoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Chapec\u00f3 SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Eduarda","family":"Grolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for research into care, patient safety, and technological innovation in nursing and health Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli Maria","family":"Kreuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Chapec\u00f3 SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1417-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuleide Maria","family":"Ign\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Chapec\u00f3 SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413\u201081232013001000019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1065335"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"PattersonC.World alzheimer report 2018. 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