{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T09:12:08Z","timestamp":1753521128442,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poisoning poses a worldwide public health challenge and recent data from Lebanon in 2020 revealed that over half patients presenting with acute toxicological exposure intentionally poisoned themselves, primarily with suspected suicidal intent. This study aims to assess sex disparities in intentional toxicological exposures among patients presenting to the Emergency Department, at a tertiary care centre in Lebanon. This was a secondary analysis of an existing toxicological database, including patients aged 6\u2009years and older admitted due to acute overdose from March 2015 to August 2022. A total of 444 cases of intentional poisoning were analysed, with 302 (68.0%) women. The primary cause of intentional poisoning was suspected suicide in both sexes, significantly more common in women (85.1%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>65.5%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Specific agents exposed to patients varied by sex; sedatives\/hypnotics\/antipsychotics, antihistamines, and melitracen\/flupentixol were significantly more prevalent in women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) while men showed higher prevalence for ethanol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), stimulants, street drugs and opioids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Our study underscores substantial sex differences in intentional poisoning cases in Lebanon. Women exhibited a higher likelihood of exposures to sedatives\/hypnotics\/antipsychotics, antihistamines and melitracen\/flupentixol, while stimulant drugs, ethanol, and opioids were prevalent in men. Developing proper and effective sex\u2010specific measures may mitigate potential physical and psychological consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T03:58:48Z","timestamp":1720151928000},"page":"353-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex differences among patients with intentional poisoning presenting to the emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Centre in Beirut, Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tharwat","family":"El Zahran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Kazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Tamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Hitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Centre Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2008.020693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Organization WH.Guidelines for establishing a poison centre.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270170053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1989785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u2010141602971\u20107.10017\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110\u2010200306000\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.024794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102125.2003.01910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l94"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116630353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113479043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21060604"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Studying the relationship between age, gender and other demographic factors with the type of agent used for self\u2010poisoning at a poisoning referral Center in North West Iran\/Kuzey Bati Iran'da Bir Zehirlenme Referans Merkezinde Kendini Zehirlemek i\u00e7in Kullanilan Ajan tipi ile Yas, Cinsiyet ve Diger Demografik Fakt\u00f6rlerin Iliskisinin Arastirilmasi","volume":"10","author":"Ala A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327105ht527oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u2010227X\u201015\u2010S2\u2010S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580221092827","article-title":"Trends and gender differences in mental disorders in hospitalized patients in Thailand","volume":"59","author":"Suanrueang P","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1709643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.2009.01251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"World Population Review.Lebanon population 2024. Accessed2024.https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/lebanon-population"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"UNHCR Lebanon.Mount lebanon (beirut).2024.https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/lb\/mount-lebanon-beirut#:~:text=The%20local%20population%20in%20Beirut mainly%20from%20Iraq%20and%20Sudan"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.10935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2005.030312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2020.09.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256\u20104947.2017.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(16)30348\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.11.715"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708325976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201025893\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034\u2010017\u20100156\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2021.200218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000210915.80417.cf"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.14039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T13:32:24Z","timestamp":1732368744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcpt.14039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcpt.14039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.14039","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7835","1742-7843"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1742-7835"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1742-7843"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}