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Amidst the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the growing concern regarding the potential deployment of nuclear weapons, there has been a surge in the demand for potassium iodide across Europe. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current knowledge regarding the pharmacology, physiology, adverse effects, the protective role in reducing the risk of thyroid cancer and recommendations for potassium iodide use during radiation emergencies. Evidence on adverse effects is scarce, as potassium iodide is generally well\u2010tolerated. Guidelines for thyroid blocking with potassium iodide during radiation emergencies suggest that, among populations vulnerable to radioiodine exposure, the benefits of potassium iodide outweigh the risks of adverse effects. Controversial topics surrounding the utilization of potassium iodide in radiation emergencies include the prophylaxis in iodine\u2010deficient regions and following the detonation of dirty bombs, whether granule formulations<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>tablets should be used and mental health concerns. Although the rise in demand seems to be a justified security measure, it is essential to recognize that potassium iodide protects the thyroid from radioiodine and does not impact the body's absorption of other radioactive materials or defend against external radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T09:57:48Z","timestamp":1720691868000},"page":"250-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical and forensic aspects of potassium iodide: Suddenly in high demand across Europe due to fears of radiation poisoning from a nuclear attack in Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3986-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"da Silva Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2236-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB \u2010 Institute for Health and Bioeconomy University Institute of Health Sciences \u2010 CESPU Gandra Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO \u2010 Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory University Institute of Health Sciences (1H\u2010TOXRUN, IUCS\u2010CESPU) Gandra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jorge","family":"Dinis\u2010Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB \u2010 Institute for Health and Bioeconomy University Institute of Health Sciences \u2010 CESPU Gandra Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO \u2010 Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory University Institute of Health Sciences (1H\u2010TOXRUN, IUCS\u2010CESPU) Gandra Portugal"},{"name":"FOREN \u2013 Forensic Science Experts Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806\u20104841.20132377"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107247"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","volume-title":"Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies","author":"Hoffman RS","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Iodine thyroid blocking: guidelines for use in planning for and responding to radiological and nuclear emergencies.:World Health Organization;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110404158"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman's: the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton LL","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","volume-title":"Potassium Iodide. 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