{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T18:17:47Z","timestamp":1785089867304,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Omeprazole (OME) is a CYP2C19 phenotyping probe, marketed as a racemic <jats:italic>(S)<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>(R)<\/jats:italic> mixture or as an S\u2010enantiomer. Both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 enzymes mediate (R)\u2010OME hydroxylation to (R)\u20105\u2010hydroxyomeprazole, while (S)\u2010OME is exclusively hydroxylated via CYP2C19. This study investigates OME and its 5\u2010hydroxymetabolite enantiomers' pharmacokinetics using data from two studies involving healthy volunteers. In Study A, volunteers received OME alone in Session 1, OME combined with voriconazole and fluvoxamine in Session 2 and finally OME with rifampicin in Session 3. In Study B, volunteers received OME alone in Session 1, OME combined with voriconazole in Session 2 and finally OME with fluvoxamine in Session 3. Despite low metabolic ratio values of (S)\u2010OME, detectable modulation of CYP2C19 activity suggests both (R)\u2010 and (S)\u2010OME isomers could effectively assess CYP2C19 activity. Further research is needed for precise cut\u2010offs in different phenotype groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T13:19:48Z","timestamp":1728566388000},"page":"755-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improving CYP2C19 phenotyping using stereoselective omeprazole and 5\u2010hydroxy\u2010omeprazole metabolic ratios"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenza","family":"Abouir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Varesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"D\u00e9glon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne\u2010Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital Geneva University Hospital  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Samer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8391-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Daali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj080112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.2009.03578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK\u201012\u2010RV\u2010085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Annotation of DPWG Guideline for clopidogrel and CYP2C19","author":"(DPWG), T.D.P.W.G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"CPIC\u00ae Guideline for Clopidogrel and CYP2C19","author":"(CPIC), T.C.P.I.C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2014.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262\u2010015\u20100294\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009\u20109236(97)90114\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088\u2010200241120\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.090928"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"966","article-title":"Stereoselective metabolism of omeprazole by human cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"28","author":"Abel\u00f6 A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","article-title":"Stereoselective separation of omeprazole and 5\u2010hydroxy\u2010omeprazole using dried plasma spots and a heart\u2010cutting 2D\u2010LC approach for accurate CYP2C19 phenotyping","author":"Abouir K","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Guideline on bioanalytical method validation","author":"EMA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Drug Interactions Flockhart Table","author":"Flockhart David A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571\u2010199512000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2015.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.234"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; 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